Try picking the plane up earlier in the sequence. The 300 f4 should be fine, focus is no slower in the AFS than the f2.8, unless you have some special microsecond timers at hand. Practically speaking, there is no difference, not to lose shots through.
The 1.7 drops 1.5 stops though - so you now have an f6.3 is it? Maths isn't my strong point. But it is that which is hampering your focus, it is just too dark. Get a 1.4x (TC14?) and you'll be well away - that gives you a 420mm f5 and should allow the focus gang to do their jobs.