The Canon extenders will only work with certain Canon extenders. Those that have them speak highly of the Kenko teleconverters which will work on other lenses.
Teleconverters will degrade the image (or magnify the weaknesses in the host lens) so cause some degredation with all lenses, zooms are more susceptible.
You also lose a stop of light on a 1.4x and 2 stops on a 2x. So, with your Sigma you will lose autofocus with all but the top Canon pro bodies (1 series)