So why do many government authorities seem to advise that you can?
N.B. We're talking about Public Rights of Way and not Permissive Paths.
Wiltshire Council
Worcestershire County Council
Natural England
City and County of Swansea
Same advice from
Kent County Council,
West Sussex County Council,
Milton Keynes Council, etc., etc.
Because they are trying to put an incredibly complex situation into lay terms - rights of way law is an incredibly difficult area and whole books have been written on rights of way law so anything thats saidf in a post here or on a website is always going to be a simplification.
However in brief
the purpose of a right of way is to allow you to freely pass and repass by permitted means (on foot on a footpath, on fot bike or horse on bridleway and so forth )
A camera is considered to be a usual accompaniement - that is something you can take with you while exercising your right of passage (dogs are also a usuall accompiement and just the case law arround that one point makes up a pile over an inch thick)
It is not an offence to stop briefly on a right of way for purposes incidental to the journey (or more technically by doing so you don't commit an offence of obstructing a right of way by doing so , so long as you don't physically impede the pasage of other users)
However 'purposes incidental to the journey' is a very difficult area - by the strictest interpretation of the law this means that you can stop on a public right of way to take a picture that is illustrative of your journey, but you can't use a right of way with the intent to take pictures - so for example in the examples i mentioned above its not acceptable to use a right of way to document a GM crop , because your purpose of being there is photography not free passage (that was established in case law in 2008)
You also dont have a
specific right to photography in the same way that you do to free passage - so a landowner can prohibit it, but he can't legally stop you using the right of way.
There are also other germane points like - technically rights of way law only applies on a the definitive line of the right of way - and there are many points where the route on the ground is not the definitive line . Defence to tresspass in those cases tends to revolve arround whether you had a reasonable belief you were on a right of way (ie if its signed as such, marked on a map as such and the landowner hasnt put any signs to say it isnt)
Also rights of way have a definitive width (usually - but not always- 3ft for footpaths , 8 for bridleways and 12 for byways) step outside of that width and assuming you arent on access land you are tresspassing , and no provision of PRoW law applies.
I could go on , but ive got better things to do. And with respect I'd suggest that reading a few websites doesnt provide the same degree of insight into Right of Way law as being a Rights of way officer for 5 years , and being an expert witness at public enquiries and court cases.
The bottom line is that for usual photography (i.e non comercial photography which is not opposed to the actual interests of the landowner) you'll be fine taking pictures on a public right of way 99.9% of the time - but that doesnt translate to an absolute right to do so and if a landowner or his agents do ask you to cease then its a good idea to comply , rather than winding up fighting it out in the courts
For those wanting a greater insignt into public rights of way law i'd suggest the following books
riddal and treveylan (this is used in most PRoW offices as a handy refference )
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Rights-Way-...=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1337339638&sr=1-1
Sydenham - more indepth but bloody expensive
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Public-Righ...=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1337339671&sr=1-2
and blackford (looks at the planning aspects principally)
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Rights-Way-Planning-law-practice/dp/1858111668/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_b
However i would note that even a full reading of all of these and of the 1949 Access to the Countryside act, 1968 Countryside Act, 2000 Countryside and Rights of Way act, and the 2005 Natural environments and rural communities Act still won't provide a completely definitive understanding as English law is defined by precedent and cae lasw and is thus the implications are constantly changing.
To give an example of what i mean about simplification take this advice from swansea (as per your post)
Originally Posted by City and County of Swansea
What can I do or take with me while on public rights of way?
You can do things which are incidental to the journey, such as stopping to rest, admire a view, take a photograph or draw a sketch for example. However, a landowner may consider other activities to be trespass. You can also take with you things which are usual accompaniments. These may include such items as rucksacks, binoculars or prams, pushchairs and wheelchairs where practicable, provided such items do not cause damage or cause nuisance to other users.
Now thats okay as far as it goes - but the real legal situation is that wheelchairs are not in fact a usual accompaniement at all - in fact the user of a manual wheel chair, powered wheelchair (aka a class one mobility device) or a small powered scooter (class two mobility device) is legally considered (again established by case law) to be a pedestrian. a big tramper type mobilty scooter (class three) is considered to be a motor vehicle and is therefore only legal on byways. (the reason a wheel chair isnt considered an accompanyment is complex but in lay terms its because you don't take a wheel chair with you on a walk - a user uses it to exercise their access rights)