Bridge is a full blown package and I think best for the job It works on your files you can preview them in many ways also You can output Web pages make Contact sheet the list goes on
Much easier to sort and find photos you want, you can sort on Lens, Camera even Fstop the list just goes on and on
LR does all of this and more and to me - much faster and easier. Check the metadata filters and smart collections in LR. Bridge is just an afterthought evolved from Photoshop file opening dialog.
LR makes a file for of the images in a different place then the photo them self to me it is not as simple to use or sort BUT this is just my view.
This file you are referring to is an image database (catalog) - bridge actually does similar thing behind the scenes - it creates a cache files. The thing is however, if they are not there - it is very slow since Bridge needs to scan your images to extract the metadata to allow that filtering you are referring to. In LR this step is made explicit to the user and each image needs to be imported into catalog before LR can work with it - importing is fast though similar to the speed with which Bridge rebuilds its cache so I can hardly see it as a drawback.