Shutter speed on ultra wide angle

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Ju
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I normally use 1.5x focal length rule so say when using a 50mm lens I use a minimum shutter of 1/75th. So in theory when using my sigma 10-20 @10mm I should be able to 1/15th shutter but I can’t get anywhere near this.

Is there a limit where the 1.5x rule no longer applies when handholding very wide lenses.


Thanks
 
Not heard of your 1.5x rule before but I see where you are coming from with it. Most toggers use a 'reciprocal' principle i.e. the reciprocal of the focal length as a maximum duration of shutter speed. So, when using a 50mm focal length anything faster than 1/50th as a shutter speed will take care of camera shake, 1/200th max for a 200mm lens etc.

But it only a rough rule of thumb and a lot of other factors will contribute as well e.g. how naturally steady your hand is, if you are supporting your self/elbeows etc, the environment you are in etc etc.

It does tail off at both the upper end and lower end so that at a shutter speed below 1/30th then you may have difficulty in keeping the camera steady no matter what focal length you are using. Also, below 1/30th you are not going to be able to freeze any natural movement in the frame (people movement, swaying trees & grass, birds flying by etc) so I's suggest that 1/30th would be the longest shutter to go for with your 10-20

I do use my Siggy 10-20 at around 1/15th hand-held & no IS but with mixed results.

Hope this helps. Cheers, Dave B.
 
The 1.5 factor is to allow for the crop I believe (1/focal length x crop)

I agree. This is in Photoplus this month (albeit with canons 1.6x crop factor)
 
Well I don't know what is in Photoplus but .........

The 1.5x crop factor only effects the field of view on an APS-C camera i.e. a 50mm lens will give you the effect of using a 75mm lens, but the physical movement of the camera/lens due to camera shake is the same whether the lens is fitted on a full frame/film camera or a cropped sensor camera.

Forget the camera for a mo ....... imagine if you could hold the lens against your eye, look through it and focus properly. Now swivel the lens up and down and note the movement in the scene ......... now place a piece of card, which has a hole smaller than the rear element of the lens cut in it, between your eye and the back of the lens. The field of view of the scene has reduced (i.e. the 1.5x crop) but swiveling the lens up and down by the same amount as before will give the same amount of movement in the part of the scene that you can see. Nothing else has changed.

A 200mm lens on a 1.5x APS-C camera will give the field of view of a 300mm lens but the camera shake blur of a 200mm lens.

Hope this helps, Dave B :)
 
Generally you just have to play around to find out, the 1/focal length is fairly good for your average person. I have quite steady hands so often shoot quite a bit below that if the need arises.
 
The crop factor is relevant. If you start out with a smaller image, because you have a smaller sensor, then your enlargement factor to magnify that small image up to its final display size will be 1.5X (or 1.6X or 1.3X) greater depending on exactly which crop format you are using. If you have to magnify the image more then you will also magnify blur from subject movement, blur from camera movement, softness from poor focus, softness from a poor lens, softness from diffraction. In order to reduce the effect of camera shake to compensate for the 1.5X extra enlargment you need to reduce camera shake by the same factor by increasing shutter speed by the same factor.

Look at it another way - if you can fill your frame with a subject using a 50mm lens on a DX camera you would need a 75mm lens on an FX camera to fill the frame equally. What shutter speed should you use on a full frame camera at 75mm? - 1/75 (1/80). Well, guess what shutter speed you'll need on the cropper - 1/75 (1/80).

In one sense, the issue is nothing to do with crop factors at all. It is all about how much you need to enlarge your image. The greater the enlargement factor the more the effects of camera shake will be revealed. With all that said, the 1/(focal length x crop factor) formula is only valid for viewing "normal" size prints/images at "normal" viewing distances - e.g. a 9"x6" print viewed from 12" away. If you enlarge your image to maybe 30"x 20" and still view it from 12" away the blur from camera shake will look just over 3X worse, meaning you would need to shoot at 1(focal length x crop factor x 3). That's why things can look cack when you view handheld shots at moderate shutter speeds at 100% magnification on your monitor. Your virtual image size could easily be equivalent to a lot more than 30"x20". Don't be surprised if you see blur!
 
Tim is correct. The one-over-focal-length rule for shutter speeds only applies to full frame format, and that is only by coincidence. It has never applied to other formats (eg medium format film, or large format) and crop cameras require a compensation factor.

To answer the other point about there being limits to this 'rule' holding true, the answer is no, except when you have IS or VR. But no really wide lenses have it anyway, I guess for the reason that you can already hand-hold these lenses at relatively long speeds. When you get to 1/30sec and 1/15sec, subject movement begins to be a real problem and of course IS/VR can do nothing about that.
 
Yes Tim that's another way of looking at it and very valid points. Much better to get the scene you want with a 300mm lens on a full frame than a 200mm on an APS-C ....... the down side of the cropped sensor camera :( But it's all relative and the up side is that you are getting the effect of a 300 at the price of a 200 and .... a cheaper option than FF and longer lens for many wildlife toggs.

I think mole2K is right in that you just need to experiment with whatever line-up you have and see what you can achieve, if slow shutter speeds are important in what you do. But getting back to using a 10-20 ...... I know I do struggle at anything much lower that 1/30th and attempting 1/15th at 10mm (employing jpd300's crop factor formula thingybobby) would be very hit and miss on results. I'd say that anywhere below 1/30th and you start to struggle whatever the lens.

I disagree that cropped cameras need a compensation factor placed on the 1 / focal length rule of thumb ... there is no difference in actual movement seen between FF and crop. The amount of movement recorded due to camera movement is the same for both. The fact that you may need to enlarge a crop sensor capture more to get the image you want is another (valid) issue entirely

Isn't it all so bloomin frustrating and interesting at the same time :)
 
Yes Tim that's another way of looking at it and very valid points. Much better to get the scene you want with a 300mm lens on a full frame than a 200mm on an APS-C ....... the down side of the cropped sensor camera :( But it's all relative and the up side is that you are getting the effect of a 300 at the price of a 200 and .... a cheaper option than FF and longer lens for many wildlife toggs.

I think mole2K is right in that you just need to experiment with whatever line-up you have and see what you can achieve, if slow shutter speeds are important in what you do. But getting back to using a 10-20 ...... I know I do struggle at anything much lower that 1/30th and attempting 1/15th at 10mm (employing jpd300's crop factor formula thingybobby) would be very hit and miss on results. I'd say that anywhere below 1/30th and you start to struggle whatever the lens.

I disagree that cropped cameras need a compensation factor placed on the 1 / focal length rule of thumb ... there is no difference in actual movement seen between FF and crop. The amount of movement recorded due to camera movement is the same for both. The fact that you may need to enlarge a crop sensor capture more to get the image you want is another (valid) issue entirely

Isn't it all so bloomin frustrating and interesting at the same time :)

If that were true and cropped format cameras did not require a compensation factor, then my tiny-format Pani compact would never have been fitted with image stabilisation, as the maximum focal length is only 22mm. Except that is equivalent to 125mm on full frame so it suffers from the corresponding amount of shake.

The critical factor is angle of view or magnification, but using either of these as a basis would require a complex formula. The focal length thing is just handy shorthand that works for full frame (subject of course to individual circumstances, as you have indicated). It needs to be adjsuted for all other formats.
 
Hi Hoppy,

Your compact is a completely different format and can’t be compared to a 35mm format (D)SLR, as you pointed out above. The reasons you have IS on the compact are (a) to cater for the relative clumsiness of the average-joe owner of such a camera and (b) as a selling feature over non- IS cameras at the same price point.

The OP is talking about 35mm format only and the only difference we have introduced in subsequent posts is the question of reduced size of the capture area from a full frame sensor.

If you had a big circular hole cut in the wall of your house into which you had fitted a rectangular window frame and were standing there looking out, you would see a certain scene. If the house was moving slightly then the scene through the window frame would appear to move a little. If you now fitted a smaller rectangular window frame into the space you would see a smaller part of the scene. If the house was moving in the same way and everything else stayed the same then the movement you perceived in the reduced scene that you now see is exactly the same as that same reduced part of the scene was moving was when looking at it through the larger window frame.

Nothing else has changed, the camera and lens design is still the same, the movement due to shake is the same. We are just viewing a smaller area of the same scene under the same circumstances. Tim is right in that of course with less of a pixel count you may have to enlarge more with APS-C to get the end print you want and that would enlarge any captured movement blur. So anything you can do to reduce (e.g. faster shutter speeds) this is beneficial ….. but that is true of photography in general where sharpness is important.

Well that’s my take on it and I’ll stick with it. Good discussion though, keeps the old grey matter ticking over and reviewing what you think is always good. Anyways ….. I think we’ve wandered off the OP question a bit, blame me ;)

Cheers, Dave B.
 
Hi Hoppy,

Your compact is a completely different format and can’t be compared to a 35mm format (D)SLR, as you pointed out above. The reasons you have IS on the compact are (a) to cater for the relative clumsiness of the average-joe owner of such a camera and (b) as a selling feature over non- IS cameras at the same price point.

The OP is talking about 35mm format only and the only difference we have introduced in subsequent posts is the question of reduced size of the capture area from a full frame sensor.

If you had a big circular hole cut in the wall of your house into which you had fitted a rectangular window frame and were standing there looking out, you would see a certain scene. If the house was moving slightly then the scene through the window frame would appear to move a little. If you now fitted a smaller rectangular window frame into the space you would see a smaller part of the scene. If the house was moving in the same way and everything else stayed the same then the movement you perceived in the reduced scene that you now see is exactly the same as that same reduced part of the scene was moving was when looking at it through the larger window frame.

Nothing else has changed, the camera and lens design is still the same, the movement due to shake is the same. We are just viewing a smaller area of the same scene under the same circumstances. Tim is right in that of course with less of a pixel count you may have to enlarge more with APS-C to get the end print you want and that would enlarge any captured movement blur. So anything you can do to reduce (e.g. faster shutter speeds) this is beneficial ….. but that is true of photography in general where sharpness is important.

Well that’s my take on it and I’ll stick with it. Good discussion though, keeps the old grey matter ticking over and reviewing what you think is always good. Anyways ….. I think we’ve wandered off the OP question a bit, blame me ;)

Cheers, Dave B.

Dave, in the interests of excercising the grey matter a bit more ;) the bits I've highlighted above in bold are correct, so I guess you're kind of contradicting yourself!

The whole thing revloves around magnification, not focal length. Focal length is a component of magnification and format is also a component of magnification. You need to factor them both into the equation.

Therefore the comparison with compacts is valid, and any format that varies from full frame 24x36mm does not fit straight into the old rule of thumb, and needs a compensation factor.
 
This is often touted as a "rule" bit it's just a guideline. I can often get sharp photos 1 to 2 stops slower than the rule suggests using good technique. I can get blurry photos at almost any shutter speed using poor technique.

Crop (and the misleading term "equivalent focal length") does matter here. In order to create two identical prints from a crop DSLR and a full frame DSLR you need to enlarge the crop frame by a greater factor and use a shorter lens. You might get a small advantage because smaller lenses are a little easier to handhold.

Any enlargement will make the shake more evident.
 
No I'm not contradicting myself Hoppy the bold bits are essentially two separate issues. Maybe if this was a conversation instead of typed words we (or I) could get this across better. I'm not saying that a faster shutter does not give sharper results, it always will. I'm just saying that there is no such thing as the crop factor to be added to shutter speeds. The 1.5x applies only to focal lengths. If you wanted a factor to give a safety net you could use any number you like.

Anyway, it's a nice day here in west country land so I'm just off out to make the most of that rest of it. Stay happy, keep clicking, Dave B :)
 
No I'm not contradicting myself Hoppy the bold bits are essentially two separate issues. Maybe if this was a conversation instead of typed words we (or I) could get this across better. I'm not saying that a faster shutter does not give sharper results, it always will. I'm just saying that there is no such thing as the crop factor to be added to shutter speeds. The 1.5x applies only to focal lengths. If you wanted a factor to give a safety net you could use any number you like.

Anyway, it's a nice day here in west country land so I'm just off out to make the most of that rest of it. Stay happy, keep clicking, Dave B :)

Sorry Dave, but that is wrong. You always need to adjust that rule of thumb for magnification, and the easiest way of doing it for crop cameras is to apply the crop factor to focal length, ie 1.5x for Nikon, 1.6x for Canon, and 2x for 4/3rds systems.
 
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