You might get more complete answers if you get a passing mod to move this to the Film & Conventional subsection. My 2p's worth...
UV filters can have more significant effect with film than digital, specially if you're high up. Put it another way, for many (some? all?) films UV light can have a detrimental effect.
Polarisers do what they do with digital, effects can't be mimicked in PP.
Coloured filters are generally used with black and white film. At minimum a yellow if you've got any interesting sky. As said above, orange and red give increasingly strong effects at the expense of more and more light. Since you can't crank up the ISO mid roll (at least, not without some other compromises), it's worth thinking about. I most often use an orange filter. Red filters can make skin look damaged (or accentuate damaged skin?).
IIRC green filters can help make skin look more pleasing. I've never found a use for blue filters. There's a purplish filter that improves colour balance in fluorescent light. Not sure how useful for landscape.