There is no vast quantity of lithium, cobalt or other material required. There's a small fraction of cobalt, lithium and various other materials required for the batteries. Only the cathode need exotic material.
Li-on battery recycling is entirely possible and EV battery recycling will be done when enough demand is there. But before recycling, EV battery can be re-used as stationary battery. The battery will far outlast the car itself.
Charging is the ace up its sleeve. A EV may emit X CO2 per unit distance now. As the national grid decarbonise, ALL EV charged across the nation becomes greener together. ICE vehicle emissions are fixed throughout its lifetime.
No new infrastructure required. We already have exactly what we need to charge the cars: electricity connection. The EV batteries will be part of the future energy puzzle to ensure dynamic load management to maximise renewable usage.
For the amount of energy, quote from National Grid: " There is definitely enough energy and the grid can cope easily. "
www.nationalgrid.com
The correct statement is that it has proven that all vehicles produce a baseline particle emission due to tyre wear.
EV have less brake wear, this is a fact. Have a read on regenerative braking.
So with similar tyre and brake particulate emissions, surely it is always better to not produce other localised harmful emissions through the tailpipe?
I agree. This is why the drive to maximum range does not make any sense. We should buy the EV that suits our needs. The key is efficiency, not putting huge battery packs and having ultra-inefficient cars like Porsche, Audi, Jag.
The facts are:
- EV are cleaner over its lifetime
- EV batteries can be repurposed/reused elsewhere before needing to be recycled
- EV batteries can actively help the grid
- EV particulate emission from tyre/brake is similar to other similar vehicles
- EV's are much much better to drive compared to ICE eco-boxes
I'm sorry to break it to you, EV's will never have their diesel moment. It is the answer to not only personal transport, also help pushing up renewable utilisation and in the future autonomous taxies.