Wow that Camera Axe looks fun!
I was trying to work out how they did the real high speed stuff with a normal camera... then found some sample pics with the EXIF in them - they are doing a long exposure shot (5 seconds it seems) of a dimly lit scene and triggering a flash, not the camera, with the Camera Axe. The flash fully illuminates the scene rather than just fill and of course the duration of the effective exposure is down to the duration of the flash pulse - which can be very quick indeed, much quicker than your camera shutter can achieve.
Doing a little more reading about flash pulse duration, it seems the lower the power, the shorter the duration - I suppose that makes sense, I guess I've just never had to think about it before!
It seems the trick is to place the flash 7 to 10 inches (about 18 to 25 cm), ISO 200 and f/16 and about 5 seconds of exposure. Trigger the camera then do your whatever.
On the question of camera kit, the camera doesn't seem to matter too much, as long as it can give a long exposure - I guess you could always use bulb if 5 seconds wasn't available.
The flash kit does seem to matter though as the flash duration is the key to really high shutter speeds
The SB600 will only give you 1/25000 sec. at M 1/64 output whereas the SB900 will give you 1/38500 sec. at M1/128 output - ironically the older SB800 will do 1/41600 sec. at M 1/128 output.
It seems the winner here in the high speed game is a SB800!
BTW, just for comparison, my D300 shutter will only do 1/8000 and then add some shutter lag thats way disproportionate in this game - so you can see how the flash is the way to do it!