how I do expose...

ND grads are the only way of doing it in camera

in post processing you could either merge two images (or more) or you can try and bring back any lost details or apply fake ND grad effects
 
It usually means they are spot metering and have used the sky to point it from and calculate the exposure time. Metering off the Sky oppoisute the sun is usually a safe method for getting an even exposure.

Matrix metering and applying some exposuure compensation is the easiest option I think for your sitiation. If you have a spot meter available though, try it - point at object A and look at the hutter speed. Then point at object B and see how it changes...
 
Putting it simply, The sky during the day is very bright compared to whats on the ground. Setting the correct exposure for the sky would normally result in your subject being too dark. Use a flash on your subject to make them as bright as the sky so everything will be exposed correctly.

Taking this further, you can aim to under expose the sky and use a brighter flash on your subject. This can make bright blue skys look dark blue and clouds much more menacing :)
(Edit: Not sure if you meant the concept of fill flash or how to chance the metering modes on your camera?)
HTH
 
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