re the tog using a flash at the carnival in sunlight, that would be for fill light rather than lighting up the whole scene in the way you would traditionally think of a flash being used.
For example, this shot from your website
would have benefited greatly from some fill flash to illuminate the wee boy's face.
Here are a couple of shots to illustrate what I mean
In the first one I have taken a straight shot, with the sun behind the subject as in your shot
and here is the same shot, but with the addition of fill light from an off-camera SB-600 connected to the camera by a cord
Using the onboard flash on your camera is a no-no, you really need a flashgun and ideally some way of triggering off camera, either a set of remote triggers like the Cactus ones from Ebay, or a cable, which would allow you to use the ttl metering on your camera.