Can anyone tell me "in basic terms" how the auto focus Fine Tune and Micro Adjust systems work for the Nikon and Canon cameras?
Is it an electronic change or is something physically moved within the camera?
Its a mostly pointless "feel good" marketing feature with limited real world use.
Firstly - its useless for zoom lenses as most are not par-focal. This means if for example, you have a 24-70 lens, and you focus at 24mm then zoom to 70m, you'll need to re-focus again at 70mm. Focusing isn't maintained when zooming so you can't tune these with one setting across the whole zoom range.
Thus for these type of zooms (and almost all zooms work this way) the + or - figure you dial in, is only applicable to one focal distance only for a non-parfocal zoom lens.
Always use manafacture warranty to sort out these issues not half-assed bandaids - if all lenses need tuning, the body needs to be adjusted. If a particularly lens needs a large offset then the lens needs to be re-caliberated.
On a Canon camera with micro-adjust, there is one control for adjusting the focus of all lenses, which is effectively body adjust. And another control to tweak individual lenses. Between the two there is a lot of very fine adjustment, and is exactly what a manufacturer's service department would do anyway. It's not a half-assed bandaid.
If you change focal length you should refocus, regardless of whether you use normal AF, live-view AF, or manual focusing.
Only if you sent canon your camera and lens would they use the in camera micro adjust. As you are adjusting the camera not the lens.
All that micro-adjust is, is an interface that allows users to access the calibration adjustment that has previously been the preserve of service departments with bench equipment. The result is identical.
No its not. Camera serving generally uses allen keys to align mirror box and AF sensors.
Its no substitute for proper servicing. Many cameras ie Nikon and Sony are user adjustable via allen keys.