The gvc replaces the pfco in a sense, not the a2cofc, but it doesn’t really because the pfco was only for commercial pilots, the commercial element is now removed any any operator flying within the distances set for each category have to take the required training.
The gvc allows certain drones to 30m of uninvolved people, the a2cofoc 50m.
If you don’t have the a2cofoc or gvc and you fly over or within that distance of an uninvolved person, you are breaking the law.
I very much doubt you can guarantee there is no one within the area at all times, whilst keeping to the 1:1 rule, so the potential to break the law is very high.
At the moment, no c2 drones exist, so all drones are legacy and fall within the a1 or a2 category. Most in the a2, which requires a minimum of the a2cofc.