Sounds like you need to do some reading about how aperture, shutter speed & ISO work together. I can recommend a book called Understanding Exposure by Bryan Peterson, you can get it on Amazon for about £15.
But for now here's a brief summary in simple speak hopefully:
Aperture is the size of the hole that lets in the light, the bigger the hole the more light that gets let in.
Shutter speed is the length of time that the shutter stays open exposing the aperture hole i.e the longer the shutter speed the more light that gets let in.
A note regarding aperture is a small f number like f2.8 represents a big hole (more light) and a big f number like f22 is a very small hole.
So, if you make the aperture hole smaller (i.e. by choosing a bigger f number) then you need to compensate by making the shutter speed slower to allow time for enough light to get through the hole.
The reason you were getting a white picture is because you were probably using a small f number (i.e. a big hole) with a long exposure therefore letting in so much light you just recorded whiteness.
Hopefully this makes some sense.