For critical sharpness in a print the accepted standard is 300dpi which should give a sharp print from 12" away.
Its just simple maths from there really as far as guidelines are concerned.
As an example say you scan a 6x6 medium format image on a V750 at 2400dpi (the generally accepted actual figure for the scanner) 6x6 is approxiamatley 2.25" x 2.25" so 5400 pixels a side divided by 300 will give you an 18" print
For 35mm very approxiamately you would end up with a 12" x 8" print.
This was scanned at approx 1600dpi I've printed it at 36" and 42" at 42" its about 288dpi but looks ok.
You could do better than 2400dpi with a suitable scanner of course but multiple factors might limit the useable resolution you can get anyway / film type / motion blurr / film flatness etc.
Generally you can not print the full dynamic range of many images anyway and as for digitail photography any value judgments you are trying to make require that your screen is calibrated as should the scanner be and of cours the printer profiled for the paper.